Side effects from
smoking:
Cigarettes cause
wrinkles: Why the wrinkly face? Smoking hampers the blood supply that
keeps skin tissue looking supple and healthy.
Thinner
hair
As if the wrinkly skin wasn’t enough,
smoking hurts your hair too. Experts think the toxic chemicals in smoke can
damage the DNA in hair follicles and generate cell-damaging free radicals as
well. The end result? Smokers have thinner hair
that tends to go gray sooner than nonsmokers. That is, if they have any hair at
all. Dementia
and neurologic diseases People who smoke a pack a day have almost two and a half times the risk of stroke as non-smokers. The best current research suggesting that smoking makes little difference in the risk for Alzheimer's, and if it does, the risk for dementia is slightly higher in smokers. Certainly, smoking can affect blood vessels in the brain as it does in the heart, increasing the risk for dementia from small or major strokes.
Female
infertility and pregnancy
Studies have now linked cigarette smoking to many reproductive problems. Women who smoke pose a greater danger not only to their own reproductive health but, if they smoke during pregnancy, to their unborn child. Some of these risks include the following:
Greater risk for infertility in women. Greater risk for ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage.
Greater risk for stillbirth, prematurity, and low-birth weight. Smoking reduces folate levels, a B vitamin that is important for preventing birth defects.
Women who smoke may pass genetic mutations that increase cancer risks to their unborn babies.
Studies have now linked cigarette smoking to many reproductive problems. Women who smoke pose a greater danger not only to their own reproductive health but, if they smoke during pregnancy, to their unborn child. Some of these risks include the following:
Greater risk for infertility in women. Greater risk for ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage.
Greater risk for stillbirth, prematurity, and low-birth weight. Smoking reduces folate levels, a B vitamin that is important for preventing birth defects.
Women who smoke may pass genetic mutations that increase cancer risks to their unborn babies.
Effects
on bones and joints
Smoking has many negative effects on bones and joints: Smoking impairs formation of new bone and women who smoke are at high risk for osteoporosis.
Postmenopausal women who smoke have 17% greater risk for hip fracture at age 60, a 41% greater risk at 70, and a 108% greater risk at age 90.
Smokers are more apt to develop degenerative disorders and injuries in the spine.
Smokers have more trouble recovering from spinal surgery.
Smokers whose jobs involve lifting heavy objects are more likely to develop low back pain than non-smokers.
In women, smoking may also pose a small increased risk for developing rheumatoid arthritis.
Smoking has many negative effects on bones and joints: Smoking impairs formation of new bone and women who smoke are at high risk for osteoporosis.
Postmenopausal women who smoke have 17% greater risk for hip fracture at age 60, a 41% greater risk at 70, and a 108% greater risk at age 90.
Smokers are more apt to develop degenerative disorders and injuries in the spine.
Smokers have more trouble recovering from spinal surgery.
Smokers whose jobs involve lifting heavy objects are more likely to develop low back pain than non-smokers.
In women, smoking may also pose a small increased risk for developing rheumatoid arthritis.
Behavioural and Social
Problems
Children of smoking mothers are more likely to have more motor control problems, perception impairments, attention disabilities, and social problems than children of non-smoking mothers. Some reasons for these associations have been suggested:
Women who breast feed and smoke pass nicotine by-products to their babies, which may contribute to these problems.
Women smokers tend to be less educated than women non-smokers, which may cause increased stress at home.
Smoking mothers and their children may share certain inherited psychologic factors, such as depression, which cause addictive and behavioural problems that are unrelated to smoking itself.
Children of smoking mothers are more likely to have more motor control problems, perception impairments, attention disabilities, and social problems than children of non-smoking mothers. Some reasons for these associations have been suggested:
Women who breast feed and smoke pass nicotine by-products to their babies, which may contribute to these problems.
Women smokers tend to be less educated than women non-smokers, which may cause increased stress at home.
Smoking mothers and their children may share certain inherited psychologic factors, such as depression, which cause addictive and behavioural problems that are unrelated to smoking itself.
No comments:
Post a Comment